The production process of solar modules is an important part of the solar module production line. By encapsulating solar cells one by one, they can operate reliably in harsh outdoor environments. The current mainstream production process for photovoltaic modules adopts EVA film packaging, which consists of multiple processes such as cell sorting, cell slicing, cell string welding, cell string layout, component testing, component stacking, component lamination, installation of frames and junction boxes, finished product testing, and packaging and warehousing. Each process is interconnected, therefore, the level of each process directly affects the quality and grade of the product.

　　Production process flow of photovoltaic modules

　　The first process is battery cell sorting. As the main raw material for the processing of photovoltaic modules, the performance of battery cells directly determines the quality of photovoltaic modules. Therefore, in addition to detecting its appearance, color difference, and resistivity, it is also necessary to test the output current, output voltage, and stability and durability of the battery under specific lighting and temperature conditions. Its testing is mainly completed through professional instruments and equipment.

　　Solar cell sorting equipment is a device used for detecting and classifying solar cells. Its main function is to automatically inspect the solar cells on the production line to ensure that the quality and performance of the cells meet the requirements. Solar cell sorting equipment usually adopts automated control systems, which can achieve efficient and accurate detection and classification. It is one of the indispensable equipment in the production process of solar cells, which helps to improve production efficiency and product quality

　　The second process is battery cell slicing. Sliced solar cells are one of the widely used components in modern photovoltaic technology. It involves cutting crystalline silicon wafers into small pieces of different sizes, then polarizing and assembling them to create solar panels. A solar cell slicing machine is a device used to cut solar cells into the required size and shape. It is usually used on solar cell production lines to divide large panels into small pieces for subsequent processing and assembly. In short, the solar cell slicing machine is one of the indispensable equipment in the production process of solar cells, and its performance and accuracy directly affect the quality and efficiency of the solar cells.

　　The third process is the series welding of battery cells. Battery string welding is a method of connecting multiple solar panels through welding to form a certain voltage and current, achieving higher voltage and current output of solar panels. Solar cell string welding machine is a device used to connect solar cells into a string. It is usually used in the production process of solar panels to form a series circuit of multiple battery cells in a certain order and connection method.

　　The third process is battery string layout. A device that arranges solar panels in a certain way to form solar panels. It is usually used in the production process of solar panels, where multiple cells are arranged into a whole according to certain rules and connection methods. The solar cell typesetting machine precisely arranges and positions the solar cells according to the predetermined layout design. It can automatically place the battery cells in designated positions based on their size, shape, and arrangement, ensuring accurate spacing and connection between the cells.

　　The fourth process is component testing. Perform EL appearance defect inspection on the pre arranged solar cells to confirm that there are no defects such as hidden cracks, virtual soldering, desoldering, or black chips. The main function of pre detection of solar cells is to perform visual inspection, electrical performance testing, and quality evaluation on the solar cells. It can detect surface defects, dimensional accuracy, electrode connection, photoelectric conversion efficiency and other parameters of battery cells to ensure that they meet quality standards. Widely used in the production and manufacturing process of solar panels, it is one of the important equipment in the solar panel production line

　　The fifth process involves component stacking. Lift the tempered glass onto the stacking workbench, with the velvet surface of the tempered glass facing upwards, and lay a layer of EVA flat on the tempered glass EVA has a margin of ≥ 5mm on all sides of tempered glass; Note that the smooth surface of the EVA should be facing the tempered glass velvet surface. Place a positioning template that matches the component board type on the EVA, and the battery string should correspond to the head and tail templates. According to the positive and negative pole symbols marked on the template, correctly place the battery string on the EVA, with the anti reflective film surface of the battery string facing downwards. After the battery string is placed in place, measure the distance of the battery cells using a steel ruler according to the requirements of the drawing and positioning template, and adjust the position of the battery string. According to the component splicing diagram and voltage requirements, correctly weld the busbar, and stick the barcode to the specified position. Lay EVA with the velvet surface facing the battery string, and then lay TPT.

　　The sixth process is component lamination. Start the laminating machine according to the operating procedures of the laminating machine equipment, adjust the laminating temperature and evacuation time according to the EVA characteristics, and record technical parameters such as temperature and pressure on the operation record sheet; Place one layer of high-temperature non stick cloth on the heating plate inside the laminating machine, and send the assembled tempered glass downwards into the middle of the heating plate of the laminating machine. Then, place another layer of high-temperature non stick cloth, press the cover button, and the laminating machine enters the automatic control system. After the lamination is completed, the laminating machine automatically opens the cover and promptly takes out the processed components. It is required that the battery cells inside the components are free of foreign objects, fragments, cracks, etc.

　　The seventh step is to frame and install the junction box. Apply silicone evenly into the grooves of the aluminum alloy frame, embed the components into the aluminum alloy grooves, and start the framing machine to complete the framing. Apply silicone evenly at the junction of TPT and aluminum alloy on the back of the component. Apply silicone evenly around the back of the corresponding specification of the junction box and the root of the lead wire, stick the junction box, and connect the lead wire to the junction box. Cure at room temperature and humidity. Requirements; The frame is installed flat and not bent, and the gap at the right angle connection of the aluminum alloy is not large enough to be 0.2mm. The error of the two diagonal lines of the aluminum alloy frame is less than 4mm

　　The 8th process is curing and cleaning. Tear off the plastic film on the surface of the aluminum profile and clean the various pollutants on the surface of the components with alcohol essence to ensure that the appearance of the components is clean and pollution-free.

　　The 9th process is the testing of finished components. The process of electroluminescence (EL) detection and current voltage characteristic testing on assembled solar cell modules. EL detection is a non-invasive detection method that evaluates the performance and quality of battery modules by applying voltage to them to emit light. IV testing can evaluate the performance and power generation capacity of solar cell modules, and is one of the important means for quality control and performance evaluation of solar cell modules. Usually, specialized EL detection equipment is used, which includes a light source, detector, and data processing system. The light source is used to apply voltage, the detector is used to detect the emitted light, and the data processing system is used to analyze and display the detection results. According to the operating procedures of the solar module tester, first calibrate the solar module tester using standard components in the same environment, and make calibration records. Place the photovoltaic module to be tested, connect the positive and negative electrodes, test the module, calculate the electrical performance parameters of the module through comparison and analysis, and record them.